and Jensen (1984) is relatively good.Ĭoastal structures are usually designed for shoreline protection and defense of recreational activities. The comparison of the probability force distributions obtained by the present method to that measured by Burcharth et al. The method is extended to irregular waves via the hypothesis of equivalence introduced by Saville and is applied to the crown walls of Gijón and Bilbao breakwaters in Spain. The application of the new method requires waves breaking on the armour layer i.e., only broken waves will reach the crown wall. In this paper, a new method based on those previous results, and on further experimental work, using monochromatic waves, is presented.

Several methods have been proposed to calculate wave loads on the crown wall, e.g., Iribarren and Nogales, Jensen and Günbak and Gökce.

Crown walls are primarily built to reduce wave overtopping of mound breakwaters.